WASHINGTON, March 11, 2022 (BSS/AFP) - The Apollo missions to the Moon
brought a total of 2,196 rock samples to Earth. But NASA has only just
started opening one of the last ones, collected 50 years ago.

  For all that time, some tubes were kept sealed so that they could be
studied years later, with the help of the latest technical breakthroughs.

  NASA knew "science and technology would evolve and allow scientists to
study the material in new ways to address new questions in the future," Lori
Glaze, director of the Planetary Science Division at NASA Headquarters, said
in a statement.

  Dubbed 73001, the sample in question was collected by astronauts Eugene
Cernan and Harrison Schmitt in December 1972, during the Apollo 17 mission --
the last of the program.

  The tube, 35 cm long and 4 cm (13.8 inches by 1.6 inches) wide, had been
hammered into the ground of the Moon's Taurus-Littrow valley to collect the
rocks.

  Of the only two samples to have been vacuum sealed on the Moon, this is the
first to be opened.

  It could as such contain gases or volatile substances (water, carbon
dioxide, etc.)

  And the aim is to extract these gases, which are probably only present in
very small quantities, to be able to analyze them using spectrometry
techniques that have become extremely precise in recent years.

  In early February, the outer protective tube was first removed.

  It was not itself revealed to contain any lunar gas, indicating that the
sample it contained remained sealed.

  Then on February 23, scientists began a weeks-long process aimed at
piercing the main tube and harvesting the gas contained inside.

  In the spring, the rock will then be carefully extracted and broken up so
that it can be studied by different scientific teams.

  The extraction site of this sample is particularly interesting because it
is the site of a landslide.

  "Now we don't have rain on the Moon," said Juliane Gross, deputy Apollo
curator. "And so we don't quite understand how landslides happen on the
Moon."

  Gross said researchers hope to study the sample to understand what causes
landslides.

  After 73001, there will be only three lunar samples still sealed. When will
they in turn be opened?

  "I doubt we'll wait another 50 years," said senior curator Ryan Zeigler.

  "Particularly once they get Artemis samples back, it might be nice to do a
direct comparison in real time between whatever's coming back from Artemis,
and with one of these remaining unopened core, sealed cores," he said.

  Artemis is NASA's next moon mission; the agency wants to send humans back
to the Moon in 2025.

  Large amounts of gas should then be collected, and the experiment currently
being conducted helps to better prepare for it.