SEOUL, Oct 28, 2021 (BSS/AFP) - Many characters in Netflix sensation "Squid

Game" are loosely based on its South Korean director's own life and he
believes its theme of economic inequality has resonated with viewers around
the world.

  Hwang Dong-hyuk's television debut last month became the streaming giant's
most popular series at launch, drawing at least 111 million watchers.

   Its dystopian vision sees hundreds of marginalised individuals pitted
against each other in traditional children's games -- all of which Hwang
played growing up in Seoul.

  The victor can earn millions, but losing players are killed.

  Hwang's works have consistently and critically responded to social ills,
power and human suffering, and he based several of its highly flawed yet
relatable characters on himself.

  Like Sang-woo, a troubled investment banker in "Squid Game", Hwang is a
graduate of South Korea's elite Seoul National University (SNU) but struggled
financially despite his degree.

  Like Gi-hun, a laid-off worker and an obsessive gambler, Hwang was raised
by a widowed mother and the poor family lived in the kind of subterranean
semi-basement housing portrayed in Bong Joon-ho's Oscar-winning satire
"Parasite".

  And it was one of his first experiences abroad that inspired him to create
Ali, a migrant worker from Pakistan abused and exploited by his Korean
employer, he told AFP.

  "Korea is a very competitive society. I was lucky enough to survive the
competition and entered a good university," he said.

  "But when I visited the UK at age 24, a white staff member at airport
immigration gave me a dismissive look and made discriminatory comments. I
find it truly shocking to this day.

  "I think I was someone like Ali back then."

  - 'Bottom of the ladder' -

  Hwang studied journalism at SNU, where he became a pro-democracy activist -
- and he named the main character in "Squid Game", Gi-hun, after a friend and
fellow campaigner. But democracy had been achieved by the time he graduated
and he "couldn't find an answer to what I should do in the real world".

  At first, "watching films was something I did to kill time", he said, but
after he borrowed his mother's video camera, "I discovered the joy of filming
something and screening it for other people, and it changed my life."

  His first feature-length film, "My Father" (2007) was based on the true
story of Aaron Bates, a Korean adoptee whose search for his biological father
finally led him to a death row inmate.

  In 2011, his crime drama "Silenced" -- inspired by a real-life sex abuse
case involving children with disabilities -- was a commercial hit, as was his
2014 comedy "Miss Granny", partly inspired by his single mother.

  Three years later, critically acclaimed 2017 period drama "The Fortress"
dealt with a 17th-century king of Korea's Joseon dynasty besieged during a
brutal Chinese invasion.

  "Squid Game" references several traumatising collective experiences that
have shaped the psyche of modern South Koreans, including the 1997 Asian
financial crisis and the 2009 layoffs at SsangYong Motor, both of which saw
people take their own lives.

  "Through the reference to the SsangYong Motor layoffs, I wanted to show
that any ordinary middle-class person in the world we live in today can fall
to the bottom of the economic ladder overnight," Hwang told AFP.

  - 'Absurd, weird and unrealistic' -

  Jason Bechervaise, a professor at Korea Soongsil Cyber University,
described Hwang as an "established and well-regarded filmmaker over 10 years"
even before the huge global success of "Squid Game".

  He "deals with issues facing society" at the same time as "finding ways to
entertain his audiences", he added.

  "Hwang is part of a capitalist system and the success of his series means
he is benefiting out of such a system but that doesn't mean he doesn't
struggle with the very nature of it," he told AFP.

  Areum Jeong, a Korean film expert at Sichuan University-Pittsburgh
Institute, said the director has a history of sparking social debates before
the arrival of the Netflix series.

  For one, "Silenced" addressed "injustice, moral corruption, unresolved
issues in the Korean justice system, and eventually motivated viewers to
demand legislative reform", she told AFP.

  Hwang wrote "Squid Game" about a decade ago, but said investors were
reluctant and those who read the script told him it was "too absurd, weird,
and unrealistic".

  But the rise of streaming services has made age-restricted materials more
commercially viable than with cinema audiences, and he returned to the
project at the prospect of working with Netflix.

  Nonetheless, he never imagined it "would become the global sensation that
it is now".

   "I think viewers around the world deeply relate to the theme of economic
inequality" portrayed in Squid Game," he said, "especially in times of a
global pandemic".