GENEVA, Oct 26, 2021 (BSS/AFP) - Asia suffered its hottest year on record

in 2020, the United Nations said Tuesday ahead of the COP26 summit, with
extreme weather taking a heavy toll on the continent's development.

  In its annual "State of the Climate in Asia" report, the UN's World
Meteorological Organization said every part of the region had been affected.

  "Extreme weather and climate change impacts across Asia in 2020 caused the
loss of life of thousands of people, displaced millions of others and cost
hundreds of billions of dollars, while wreaking a heavy toll on
infrastructure and ecosystems," the WMO said.

  "Sustainable development is threatened, with food and water insecurity,
health risks and environmental degradation on the rise."

  The report comes days before COP26, the UN Climate Change Conference being
held in Glasgow from Sunday to November 12.

  The report also laid bare the total annual average losses due to climate-
related hazards.

  China suffered an estimated $238 billion, followed by India at $87 billion,
Japan with $83 billion and South Korea on $24 billion.

  But when the size of the economy is considered, the average annual losses
are expected to be as high as 7.9 percent of gross domestic product for
Tajikistan, 5.9 percent for Cambodia and 5.8 percent for Laos.

  - Prolonged displacement -

  Increased heat and humidity are forecast to lead to an effective loss of
outdoor working hours across the continent, with a potential cost of many
billions of dollars.

  "Weather and climate hazards, especially floods, storms, and droughts, had
significant impacts in many countries of the region," said WMO chief Petteri
Taalas.

  "Combined, these impacts take a significant toll on long-term sustainable
development."

  Many weather and climate-related displacements in Asia are prolonged, with
people unable to return home or integrate locally, the report said.

  In 2020 floods and storms affected approximately 50 million people in Asia,
resulting in more than 5,000 fatalities.

  This is below the annual average of the last two decades (158 million
people affected and about 15,500 fatalities) "and is testimony to the success
of early warning systems in many countries in Asia", with around seven in 10
people covered.

  Asia's warmest year on record saw the mean temperature 1.39 degrees Celsius
above the 1981-2010 average.

  The 38.0 C registered at Verkhoyansk in Russia is provisionally the highest
known temperature anywhere north of the Arctic Circle.

  - Glaciers shrinking -

  In 2020, average sea surface temperatures reached record high values in the
Indian, Pacific and Arctic Oceans.

  Sea surface temperatures and ocean warming in and around Asia are
increasing more than the global average.

  They have been warming at more than triple the average in the Arabian sea,
and parts of the Arctic Ocean.

  Arctic sea ice minimum extent (after the summer melt) in 2020 was the
second lowest on the satellite record since 1979.

  There are approximately 100,000 square kilometres of glaciers on the
Tibetan Plateau and in the Himalayas -- the largest volumes of ice outside
the polar regions and the source of 10 major Asian rivers.

  "Glacier retreat is accelerating and it is projected that glacier mass will
decrease by 20 percent to 40 percent by 2050, affecting the lives and
livelihoods of about 750 million people in the region," the report said.

  "This has major ramifications for global sea level, regional water cycles
and local hazards such as landslides and avalanches."

  A quarter of Asia's mangroves are in Bangladesh. However, the tropical
storm-exposed country's mangroves decreased by 19 percent from 1992 to 2019,
the report said.