WASHINGTON, Dec 14, 2023 (BSS/AFP) - A UN climate deal that approved a call
to transition away from fossil fuels has been hailed as a major milestone and
a cause for at least cautious optimism.

But many climate scientists said the joyful sentiments of world leaders did
not accurately reflect the limited ambition of the agreement.

- 'Weak tea at best' -

Michael Mann, a climatologist and geophysicist at the University of
Pennsylvania, criticized the vagueness of the fossil fuel statement, which
has no firm, accountable boundaries for how much countries should do by when.

"The agreement to 'transition away from fossil fuels' was weak tea at best,"
he told AFP. "It's like promising your doctor that you will 'transition away
from donuts' after being diagnosed with diabetes. The lack of an agreement to
phase out fossil fuels was devastating."

Mann called for a substantial reform of the COP rules, for example permitting
super-majorities to approve decisions over the objections of holdout petro
states like Saudi Arabia, and barring oil executives such as COP28 president
Sultan Al Jaber from presiding over future summits.

"Mend it, don't end it," he said. "We still need to continue with the COPs.
They are our only multilateral framework for negotiating global climate
policies.

"But the failure of COP28 to achieve any meaningful progress at a time when
our window of opportunity to limit warming below catastrophic levels is
closing, is a source of great concern."

- 'Death knell for 1.5C' -

"No doubt there will be lots of cheer and back-slapping... but the physics
will not care," said Kevin Anderson, a professor of energy and climate change
at the University of Manchester.

Humanity has between five and eight years of emissions at the current level
before blowing through the "carbon budget" required to hold long term warming
to the 1.5 degrees Celsius needed to avert the worst impacts of long term
planetary heating, he said.

Even if emissions begin to go down in 2024, which is not a requirement of the
text, we would need to have zero fossil fuel use globally by 2040, rather
than the "fraudulent language of net zero by 2050" envisaged in the deal,
said Anderson.

He described it as a "death knell" for 1.5C, with even the less ambitious
target of 2C, which carries a significant risk for triggering dangerous
tipping points in global climate systems, becoming more distant.

- 'Many will die' -

Friederike Otto, a climatologist and leader in the field of assessing the
role of climate change on specific extreme weather events, was equally
damning.

"It's hailed as a compromise, but we need to be very clear what has been
compromised," said Otto, who lectures at The Grantham Institute for Climate
Change. "The short-term financial interest of a few have again won over the
health, lives and livelihoods of most people living on this planet."

"With every vague verb, every empty promise in the final text, millions more
people will enter the frontline of climate change and many will die."

But Johan Rockstrom, a professor in environmental science who directs the
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, argued that while the COP
would not hold the world to 1.5C warming it was still a "pivotal land-mark."

"This agreement delivers on making it clear to all financial institutions,
businesses and societies that we are now finally -- eight years behind the
Paris schedule -- at the true "beginning of the end" of the fossil-fuel
driven world economy," he said.