KYIV, Ukraine, May 19, 2024 (BSS/AFP) - Ukrainian President Volodymyr
Zelensky told AFP in an exclusive interview he expects Russia to step up its
offensive in the northeast and warned Kyiv only has a quarter of the air
defences it needs to hold the front line.

Russian forces, which had made only moderate advances in recent months,
launched an assault in the Kharkiv region on May 10 that has brought them
their biggest territorial gains in a year-and-a-half.

Zelensky said Russian troops had managed to advance between five to 10
kilometres (three to six miles) along the northeastern border before being
stopped by Ukrainian forces.

But he warned it may only be the "first wave" in a wider offensive.

"I won't say it's a great success (for Russia) but we have to be sober and
understand that they are going deeper into our territory," he said, speaking
from Kyiv on Friday in his first interview with foreign media since the
offensive began.

Zelensky said the situation in the Kharkiv region has been "controlled" but
"not stabilised".

He doubled down on pleas to allies to send more air defence and fighter jets
to combat Russia's air superiority as the war grinds through its third year.

"Today, we have about 25 percent of what we need to defend Ukraine. I'm
talking about air defence," he said.

Ukraine needs "120 to 130" F-16 fighter jets or other advanced aircraft to
achieve air "parity" with Russia, Zelensky said.

- Kharkiv assault -

Russian President Vladimir Putin said this week the northeastern offensive
was in retaliation for Ukraine's shelling of border regions and that Moscow
was trying to create a "security zone".

Russian forces have taken 278 square kilometres (107 square miles) between
May 9 and 15, their biggest gains since the end of 2022, AFP calculated using
data from the Institute for the Study of War.

Russia said Saturday it had seized another village in the Kharkiv region,
while Ukraine's defence forces said they "were focusing their main efforts on
preventing the Russian occupants from advancing".

In his evening address Saturday, Zelensky said Moscow was paying a heavy
price.

"The invaders are losing their infantry and equipment -- it's a significant
loss," he said.

Like the initial invasion in 2022, Russia was "counting on a rapid advance
through our land", he added.

Ukraine has evacuated almost 10,000 people from the northeast border area
since Russia launched the assault.

Ukrainian officials have accused Russian soldiers in the eastern town of
Vovchansk of using dozens of captured civilians as "human shields" to defend
their command headquarters -- a claim AFP was not able to verify.

Two civilians -- aged 70 and 83 -- were killed when trying to leave Vovchansk
by car, the Kharkiv regional prosecutor said.

"The battle in the area of Vovchansk is ongoing," Ukraine's armed defences
said.

- Mobilisation age lowered -

Putin said there was no intention at this stage to take Kharkiv, Ukraine's
second city, about 30 kilometres from the border. More than one million
people still live there.

With no end to the war in sight, Ukraine's army is struggling to recruit,
while fighters are growing exhausted and angry at the lack of rotation.

Zelensky has acknowledged issues with staffing and "morale" within Ukraine's
often outgunned and outnumbered ranks, signing a mobilisation law that came
into force on Saturday.

"We need to staff the reserves... A large number of (brigades) are empty,"
Zelensky told AFP.

Many Ukrainian soldiers have been fighting for more than two years without
the possibility of being discharged.

Kyiv has lowered the age at which men can be drafted from 27 to 25 and
tightened punishments for those who avoid the call-up.

The authorities have created an online registration system for anyone liable
for military service to update their details. On Saturday morning, more than
150,000 people had logged on.

- 'Nonsense situation' -

Ukraine's strongest allies, the Baltic states and Poland, have grown nervous
that Russia may try to attack them.

Poland announced it would spend $2.5 billion to fortify its eastern border,
which includes Russia, Belarus and Ukraine.

As other Western allies press for a quick end to the war, Zelensky insisted
Ukraine was still playing the long game.

"The West wants the war to end. Period. As soon as possible. And, for them,
this is a fair peace," he said.

He pushed his allies to taker a firmer approach to Russia, including by
allowing his armed forces to strike into Russian territory with Western
weapons.

"We are in a nonsense situation where the West is afraid that Russia will
lose the war. And it does not want Ukraine to lose it," Zelensky said.

But Russia said its air defences on Saturday had destroyed French-made guided
bombs and US-made anti-radar missiles over the western Belgorod region that
borders Ukraine.