MINA, Saudi Arabia, June  28, 2023 (BSS/AFP) - Vast crowds of worshippers
hurled pebbles in the "stoning of the devil" ritual Wednesday as the biggest
hajj pilgrimage since the Covid pandemic draws to a close in Saudi Arabia.

From dawn in Mina, hundreds of thousands of Muslim pilgrims began pelting
three concrete monoliths representing Satan under soaring temperatures before
heading to Mecca for a final "tawaf" -- circling the Kaaba, the giant black
cube at the Grand Mosque.

More than 1.8 million people are taking part in the first unrestricted hajj
since Covid struck in 2020. About 2.5 million, the most on record, joined the
pilgrimage in pre-pandemic 2019.

As well as crowds at every turn, the visitors have had to contend with
ferocious temperatures at the hajj, which currently coincides with the Saudi
summer.

Temperatures peaked at 48 degrees Celsius (118 Fahrenheit) on Tuesday, when
the pilgrims prayed for hours at Mount Arafat. The mercury hit 47 degrees on
Wednesday.

In Mina, some sought shelter from the sun by lying under parked trucks,
while civil defence volunteers inspected tents to check on pilgrims.

"I will not think of doing hajj again until it takes place in winter," said
Farah, a 26-year-old Tunisian who did not want to give her full name.
"My body is melting," she said.

As helicopters buzzed overhead, pilgrims flooded the streets around Mina.
In Mecca, the Grand Mosque was packed from the early morning with circling
pilgrims, who loudly congratulated each other on completing the rituals.

- Deadly history -

This year's attendance figure, announced by Saudi officials on Tuesday,
falls well short of their predictions of beating the 2019 record, possibly
because of the heat or the cost, at around $5,000 per person just to attend.

The overwhelming majority of the 1.8 million pilgrims -- more than 1.6
million -- are foreigners, coming from about 160 countries.

The hajj is a major revenue-earner for Saudi Arabia, which is trying to
pivot its oil-reliant economy in new directions including tourism. The kingdom
makes an estimated $12 billion a year from the hajj and year-round umrah
pilgrimages.

Saudi Arabia's King Salman issued a message wishing "wellbeing and
prosperity on our country, on Muslims and the world" and announced he would pay
for sacrificial animals for nearly 5,000 of the poorest pilgrims.

Wednesday's devil-stoning marks the start of the three-day Eid al-Adha
holiday, celebrated by Muslims by buying and slaughtering livestock to
commemorate Abraham's willingness to sacrifice his son.

Mina's walkways have proven deadly in the past: in 2015, a stampede killed
up to 2,300 worshippers in the worst hajj disaster ever. A similar incident
killed 364 in 2006.

Other stampedes were reported in 2004, 1998 and 1994. In 1990, the failure
of a tunnel ventilation system triggered a huge rush that killed 1,426
pilgrims, mainly from Asia.

There have been no major incidents since 2015, and the site has been
extensively remodelled with a multi-storey bridge to allow the pilgrims to
access the monoliths safely.

- 'Very exhausted' -

The scorching conditions have been perhaps the biggest challenge for this
year's worshippers, including many elderly after a maximum age limit was
scrapped.

In recent years the hajj, which follows the lunar calendar, has fallen in
the Saudi summer, at a time when global warming is making the desert climate
even hotter.

Experts have warned that temperatures of 50 degrees Celsius could become an
annual occurrence in Saudi Arabia by the end of the century.

As protection from the heat, many pilgrims have been walking with umbrellas
to shield themselves from the sun, while others carry their folded prayer
blankets above their heads.

One security guard was seen fanning a seated pilgrim, apparently overcome
by the heat at Mina. According to official figures, at least 287 people have
been treated for heat exhaustion and heatstroke.

Sitting under a white umbrella, Shahinar Mustafa said enduring the heat
only gave more weight to her prayers.

"I don't dwell on whether its hot or cold," said the 57-year-old Egyptian
school teacher.

"The hotter the weather, the better my deeds" appear in the eyes of God,
she said.

The rituals started on Sunday at Mecca's Grand Mosque, Islam's holiest
site, before an overnight stay in tents and then the prayers on Mount Arafat,
where the Prophet Mohammed is believed to have delivered his final sermon.