SYDNEY, Dec. 5, 2018 (BSS/XINHUA) – Australian researchers on Wednesday
said they have developed a quick and easy test to detect cancer from blood or
biopsy tissue, pointing to new approaches to patient diagnoses through simple
devices like mobile phones.
The University of Queensland team “discovered a unique DNA nanostructure
that appears to be common to all cancers,” according to a statement.
“This unique nano-scaled DNA signature appeared in every type of breast
cancer we examined, and in other forms of cancer including prostate,
colorectal and lymphoma,” said researcher Dr Abu Sina.
“The levels and patterns of tiny molecules called methyl groups that
decorate DNA are altered dramatically by cancer – these methyl groups are key
for cells to control which genes are turned on and off.”
The new test involves a tool that is able to help analyze the pattern
changes at the whole genome level within minutes, according to the
researchers.
The technology has proved to be up to 90 percent accurate in tests
involving 200 human cancer samples and normal DNA, according to the
researchers. Their study was published in scientific journal Nature
Communications.
The findings mean that “inexpensive and portable detection devices” could
eventually be tapped as diagnostic tools, “possibly with a mobile phone,”
said the team’s Professor Matt Trau.
“We certainly don’t know yet whether it’s the holy grail for all cancer
diagnostics, but it looks really interesting as an incredibly simple
universal marker of cancer, and as an accessible and inexpensive technology
that doesn’t require complicated lab-based equipment like DNA sequencing,” he
said.