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In Syria’s rebel north, Turkey deepens roots, spreads influence
AZAZ, Syria, Oct 29, 2018 (BSS/AFP) – “Brotherhood has no limits.” The
phrase is painted in Arabic and Turkish on a wall in Azaz, the town at the
heart of Turkey’s de facto protectorate in northern Syria.
From Turkish-language classes for Syrian children to the state-owned Turk
Telekom company erecting its first cell towers on Syrian soil, Ankara’s role
in the rebel-held region around Azaz has been expanding.
“All the support we receive is Turkish — education, services, and so on,”
said Mohammad Hamdan Keno, 64, head of the Azaz Local Council (ALC), which
governs the town.
“Everything here is from our Turkish brothers.”
Like the rest of his hometown, his desk in the ALC’s headquarters is
adorned with both the two-star flag of the Syrian uprising and Ankara’s red-
and-white crescent emblem.
Turkey began providing humanitarian, political and military backing to
Syria’s opposition soon after anti-regime protests began in 2011, and it has
remained a steady ally ever since.
But its influence became more explicit in 2016, when Turkish troops and
allied Syrian rebels launched a military operation against both the Islamic
State group and Kurdish fighters.
They cleared the Sunni extremists from the towns of Jarablus, Al-Rai and
other areas, and this year overran the adjacent Kurdish-controlled enclave of
Afrin.
Ankara keeps Turkish troops and intelligence forces in the area, and still
backs the local police forces.
But Turkish state institutions and private companies have also put down
roots in this relatively stable pocket, becoming an integral part of everyday
life.
Walls of the main hospital in Jarabulus are now adorned with portraits of
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, and the town is lit by an electricity
grid set up by Ankara.
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– ‘State sponsor’ –
A similar deal is in its first stages in Azaz, Keno told AFP.
“A private Turkish company will implement an electricity project in Azaz,
and Turkey is the guarantor,” he said.
The town’s main market and several neighbourhoods have already been linked
to the grid over the past week under an initial $3-million deal with AK
Energy, he added.
The firm opened an Azaz satellite office in a former Syrian regime
building.
Keno said Turkey has also helped the council pave roads, renovate mosques
and repair classrooms damaged by fighting.
“They fixed up the schools, gave us desks, books, schoolbags, computers
and printers,” he listed off.
As class started up again this year, the council decided to introduce
something new for the area’s estimated 18,000 students: Turkish courses.
“We used to have two foreign languages in our curriculum: English and
French. Because of the rapprochement between us and Turkey, all the teachers
and administrators decided to switch” from French to Turkish, said Keno.
“Since Turkey is this area’s state sponsor, of course learning the Turkish
language guarantees a Syrian child’s future.”
Most of the signs around Azaz itself are already bilingual, and to phone
each other and surf the web, residents have replaced their Syrian SIM cards
with Turkish ones.
“The demand is remarkable,” said Ahmad Hadbeh, Turk Telekom’s 24-year-old
representative in Syria.
“We put up towers in Al-Bab, Azaz and Jarabulus. The signal became
stronger than before, and made up for a lot of the Syrian network coverage.”
– Turkish ‘mandate’ –
The Turk Telekom store is set up in the centre of Azaz’s market, teeming
with people shopping for sweets, rice, clothes and even cleaning supplies
imported from Turkey.
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Salim Horani, a 37-year-old trader in Azaz, ships everything from fabric
and shoes to industrial equipment from Turkey.
“Turkey’s markets are huge — we can import from Istanbul, Meric,
Gaziantep and Mersin,” he told AFP.
It’s cheaper for shoppers in rebel territory to buy Turkish-imported goods
than products from government-held zones in Syria, he said.
“Prices in Turkey are more affordable by a really huge margin compared to
regime areas.”
Some Syrians even get clothes and other products shipped directly from
Turkish cities into Azaz through the PTT, Turkey’s state-owned postal
service.
At PTT’s Azaz branch, Turkish and Syrian employees only accept the Turkish
lira, whose value plummeted to record lows in August.
Turkey’s President Erdogan has repeatedly threatened to launch another
offensive east of Azaz on swathes of Syrian territory held by US-backed
Kurdish forces it views as “terrorists”.
On Sunday, the Turkish military fired artillery shells at “shelters” of
the Kurdish People’s Protection Units (YPG) in the Kobane region.
Around Azaz, Turkey appears to be putting down roots for the long term,
said Ahmet Yayla, assistant professor at DeSales University in the United
States.
“All those administrations in those cities are directed by Turkey. It’s a
kind of mandate,” he said.
“The areas will not be part of Turkey officially, but Turkey will de facto
keep ruling over those areas.”
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