ABU DHABI, July 17, 2018 (BSS/AFP) – In the waters of the Arabian Sea, a
vast “dead zone” the size of Scotland is expanding and scientists say climate
change may be to blame.
In his lab in Abu Dhabi, Zouhair Lachkar is labouring over a colourful
computer model of the Gulf of Oman, showing changing temperatures, sea levels
and oxygen concentrations.
His models and new research unveiled earlier this year show a worrying
trend.
Dead zones are areas of the sea where the lack of oxygen makes it
difficult for fish to survive and the one in the Arabian Sea is “is the most
intense in the world,” says Lachkar, a senior scientist at NYU Abu Dhabi in
the capital of the United Arab Emirates.
“It starts at about 100 metres and goes down to 1,500 metres, so almost
the whole water column is completely depleted of oxygen,” he told AFP.
Dead zones are naturally occurring phenomena around the world, but this
one appears to have mushroomed since it was last surveyed in the 1990s.
Lachkar and other researchers are worried that global warming is causing
the zone to expand, raising concerns for local ecosystems and industries
including fishing and tourism.
– ‘Very scary for climate’ –
The discovery was made possible by the use of robotic divers, or “sea
gliders”, deployed in areas researchers could not access — an undertaking by
Britain’s University of East Anglia in collaboration with Oman’s Sultan
Qaboos University.
The findings of the 2015 to 2016 study were released in April and showed
the Arabian Sea dead zone had worsened in size and scope.
And unlike in the 1996 measurements, when the lowest levels were limited
to the heart of the dead zone — midway between Yemen and India — now the
dead zone extends across the sea.
“Now everywhere is the minimum, and it can’t go much lower,” the lead
researcher Bastien Queste told AFP.
At NYU Abu Dhabi, Lachkar explains the Arabian Sea dead zone appears to be
stuck in a cycle where warming seas are depleting the oxygen supply which in
turn is reinforcing the warming.
This, he says, “can be very scary for climate”.
Ports from Mumbai to Muscat look out onto the Arabian Sea, making it a
critical body of water. These coastal hubs and the populations beyond them
will be affected by further expansion of the dead zone.
Fish, a key source of sustenance in the region, may find their habitats
compressed from deep underwater to just beneath the surface, putting them at
risk of overfishing and extreme competition.
“When oxygen concentration drops below certain levels, fish cannot survive
and you have massive death,” says Lachkar.
To carry out his data-heavy modelling, Lachkar relies on a sprawling
supercomputer centre which cost several million dollars to set up — a
testament to local priorities to research climate change.
– ‘Stick to science’ –
The UAE in 2016 renamed its Ministry of Environment and Water as the
Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, further evidence of the regional
desire to meet this global challenge head-on.
“I think it is an important topic for different reasons, not only
scientific reasons, but also economic,” says Lachkar from his Centre for
Prototype and Climate Modelling.
“Fishing is an important source of revenue and it’s directly impacted by
the oxygen,” he said.
Even coral reefs and, by extension, tourism could be affected.
Down the hall from his research facility is the complementary Centre for
Global Sea Level Change, where researchers like Diana Francis study the
worldwide impact of the problem.
The issue was at the top of the global agenda in 2015, when the world
hammered out a deal in Paris to cut carbon emissions. But the landmark
agreement received a blow last year, when President Donald Trump announced he
would be pulling the United States out of the accord.
“It is very disappointing, because a major country is not putting effort
in the same direction as the others,” says Francis of the decision.
“But our role is to stick to science, be pragmatic and try to advance our
understanding of the climate,” she says.
“Politics change over time,” Francis tells AFP. “But science does not.”