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BFF-19
US-SKOREA-JAPAN-NKOREA
Pentagon chief seeks to reassure S. Korea, Japan on North
BEIJING, June 28, 2018 (BSS/AFP) – US Defense Secretary James Mattis travels to Seoul and Tokyo Thursday to reassure Washington’s key East Asian allies after President Donald Trump unilaterally suspended military exercises in South Korea, sparking concern over his commitment to the region.
With the US president lauding North Korean leader Kim Jong Un as a “talented guy” as he seeks to persuade Pyongyang to give up its nuclear weapons, Mattis will head to South Korea Thursday afternoon after a two-day visit to China.
After discussions with top Korean officials, he will fly to Tokyo Thursday night for a day of meetings with Japanese counterparts.
Both countries have security alliances with the US guaranteed by treaty, but have been thrown off-balance by Trump’s quick moves on negotiations with Kim.
Most striking of all, at a press conference after the two men’s summit in Singapore earlier this month, Trump announced he would suspend joint military exercises with the South — with Seoul indicating that it was not informed beforehand.
US and South Korean forces have trained together for decades, and always characterised the drills as defensive in nature, while Pyongyang condemned them as rehearsals for invasion and often responded with provocations of its own.
Trump lamented the exercises’ cost and adopted the North’s description to call them “provocative”, adding that at some point, “I want to bring our soldiers back home.”
The US has publicly maintained its commitment to protect Japan and South Korea — both of which host tens of thousands of US troops — from Kim’s nuclear-armed military.
“They are increasingly concerned and worried about the reliability of our reassurances,” said James Schoff, a former Pentagon Asia specialist now at the Carnegie Asia programme.
“There is hypersensitivity now to any decision we make.”
But a senior Pentagon official played down the need to reassure the two US allies.
“Reassurance is a part of the visit but not the main thing,” he said.
The main thing is “continuing the conversation on where we see things going.”
In Singapore, Kim signed a document committing the North to “work toward complete denuclearisation of the Korean Peninsula” — a vague term open to interpretation on both sides.
Pyongyang has made no public commitment to give up its weapons, and satellite pictures have shown improvement works carrying on at its Yongbyon nuclear research facility.
But Trump has said denuclearisation has already begun and the North no longer presents a nuclear threat.
– Wild card –
The status of the North Korea talks, which are led by Secretary of State Mike Pompeo from the US side, remains unclear. What he and Trump are willing to cede in terms of the US military presence on the Korean peninsula to obtain concessions from Kim is a closely held secret.
But Pompeo in a recent CNN interview seemed to tamp down on expectations of a deal soon — though he and other senior officials recently hinted that an outline of tasks for North Korea and a timeline was almost close to completion.
For Japan and South Korea, both directly in the firing line of North Korea’s proven short- and medium-range ballistic missiles, a main part of the problem has been the capriciousness of Trump — his making and announcing important policy decisions without forewarning those most affected.
But Mattis has the respect of his counterparts in both countries, who trust him to understand their interests and honour US commitments.
“It would be relatively easy for Mattis to reassure Japan about worst-case scenarios,” said Schoff.
“In part that’s what Mattis and his counterparts in Korea and Japan want to sort out — what are our operational bottom lines, and can we agree on certain things.”
However, Schoff noted, Trump’s way of working is a constant wild card.
“Mattis clearly realises there are some elements that he may not be able to control” in the relationship, he added.
BSS/AFP/AU/09:10 hrs
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SCIENTISTS-MALARIA
Scientists take step forward in malaria vaccine using parasite mapping technique
SYDNEY, June 28, 2018 (BSS/Xinhua) -Australian scientists on Thursday said they have taken a crucial step toward in developing a new malaria vaccine by using a novel “atomic-scale” blueprint to track how the parasite invades human cells.
“With this unprecedented level of detail, we can now begin to design new therapies that specifically target and disrupt the parasite’s invasion machinery, preventing malaria parasites from hijacking human red blood cells to spread through the blood and, ultimately, be transmitted to others,” Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Associate Professor Wai-Hong Tham said in a statement. Her team’s discovery was published in scientific journal Nature.
The researchers’ work involves using Nobel Prize-winning microscopy technology to map previously hidden first contact between the Plasmodium vivax malaria parasites and young red blood cells they invade that marks the start of the parasites’ spread throughout the body, according to the research.
The “essential step in the malaria lifecycle is the beginning of the classical symptoms associated with malaria – fever, chills, malaise, diarrhoea and vomiting – which can last weeks or even longer,” it said.
The Plasmodium vivax is the most widespread malaria parasite worldwide and the predominant cause of the major scourge in the vast majority of countries outside Africa, according to the institute.
The parasite’s “propensity to ‘hide’ undetected by the immune system in a person’s liver” also makes it “the number one parasite responsible for recurrent malaria infections.”
The scientists, guided by their mapping technique, “was able to tease out the precise details of the parasite-host interaction, identifying its most vulnerable spots,” said Tham, adding that they have “now identified the molecular machinery that would be the best target” for an anti-malarial vaccine against the widest range of the parasites.
BSS/XINHUA/AU/09:20 hrs