LUBANGO, Angola, March 13, 2020 (BSS/AFP) – Tehandjila Quessale’s heart
sank every time her mother sent her to fetch water for their crops, up in the
mountains of Angola’s southern Huila region.
The 16-year-old had to leave school early and walk three hours to join a
long queue of people at the nearest water point.
Since she rarely managed to fill her bucket before dark, she was vulnerable
to attacks and was scared.
She knew of two girls that had been raped walking back to their village
late at night, she said.
“I felt afraid because there were boys that used to attack or grab people,”
Quessale told AFP.
Huila province has been hit by drought after lack of rain for several years
running dried up most water sources and devastated crops across the southern
Africa region, where some 45 million people face growing hunger, the United
Nations warns.
The dry spell was followed by violent and erratic downpours that saturated
the soil.
Quessale can now find water at a nearby spring, a short walk from the one-
bedroom stone house she shares with her mother and six younger siblings in a
hamlet.
But that has provided little relief after the family’s crops failed and
food has remained difficult to come by.
In addition, most men from the area have migrated to towns and cities in
search of work, so it is left to the women to try to fill their children’s
rumbling stomachs.
Aid workers have said that some young girls are resorting to sex in a
desperate quest for money and food.
– ‘I do my own thing’ –
“Climate change has a huge impact on the lives of women, especially women
and girls of reproductive health age,” said Florbela Fernandes, Angola
representative for the UN Population Fund (UNFPA).
Crises caused by extreme weather events disproportionately affect
“vulnerable groups”.
“It also increases their exposure to violence and abuse,” she added.
Women make up 80 percent of the people displaced by climate change,
according to the UN.
Quessale’s 47-year-old mother Mousaka Fernanda has stayed put but has had
to shoulder the responsibility of feeding her family on her own as best she
could.
Last year, her husband found a job as a security guard in Lubango city,
around 20 kilometres (12 miles) away, but barely sends any money.
“When he comes home he finds hunger… and I do my own thing,” said
Fernanda, feet sinking into the mud as she pulled weeds from her maize field.
The little she had to show of her plants were knee-high and wilted.
Yellowed leaf tips suggested roots were rotting below the surface.
“The children are not crying for their father,” Fernanda added, as she
pulled up a maize shoot to reveal a dying jumble of radicles.
“They are crying for their mother to find something to eat.”
– Early marriage –
Since the drought hit, Fernanda has relied on her home-brewed liquor to buy
food.
The matriarch’s grandfather taught her to brew sorghum into macau, a
popular spirit she makes and sells on weekends.
From two cups of macau, Fernanda can buy just over one kilogramme (2.2
pounds) of staple maize.
With barely enough for her and her children, she also has to provide for
her own mother who is too weak to fend for herself.
When Fernanda’s eldest daughter Domingas Quessale fell pregnant, the
pressure proved too much.
Concerned she would not be able to provide for yet another child, Fernanda
asked her daughter to move in with her boyfriend — making them married by
status and causing Quessale to drop out of school.
“My mother told me to get married because she did not want another mouth to
feed,” the 19-year-old said.
“I did not want to,” she added, bouncing the baby on her lap.
Like her father, Quessale’s boyfriend has moved to the nearby town of
Humpata, where he works in a juice factory.
During the drought she would join forces with friends to fetch water in a
group.
They were still occasionally harassed and “grabbed” by men on the way, she
said.
– Husband left, house collapsed –
“Girls are particularly vulnerable during times of drought,” said Anaina
Lourenco, a child protection expert for World Vision Angola.
“The responsibility of caring for younger siblings often falls to girls and
their education suffers.”
On the other side of the valley, Cristina Canaino, 14, was forced to
interrupt her schooling after her father turned on his heel in 2018, leaving
his wife and five children to fend for themselves.
“He decided to go to town and look for work because of the drought,” said
Canaino’s 32-year-old mother Ceu Jacinta.
“Since he left, he never came back.”
Without her husband around and unable to pay for school, Jacinta needed her
daughter to help.
She ditched class to work the fields of wealthier neighbours in exchange
for a few kwanzas.
Speaking in local Nhanheca, Jacinta said that she, too, was seeking paid
work to resume her children’s education.
But everyday struggles keep getting in the way.
After Jacinta’s crops were damaged by the rains, their thatched wooden hut
collapsed due to dampness and lack of maintenance.
“If my husband had been around,” said Jacinta. “I don’t believe my house
would have fallen this way.”