Afghan refugee entrepreneurs thrive in Turkey

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BEYLIKDsZs, Turkey, May 12, 2019 (BSS/AFP) – When Afghan businessman Haji
Yakup Burhan fled the violence of his home country 30 years ago, he brought
with him his family — and all his money.

He headed to Saudi Arabia, where he opened a restaurant but, as refugees,
his children had difficulty getting into a school. Then he moved to the
United Arab Emirates, but Dubai’s costs seemed impossible.

So, two years ago, he moved to Turkey and opened a restaurant in
Istanbul’s Esenyurt neighbourhood, taking advantage of the country’s
relatively open business environment for refugees.

“I have 15 people working for me in this restaurant. They are Afghans,
Iranians and Turks.

“I have invested about $120,000 (107,000 euros) in this restaurant so
far,” Burhan, 52, told AFP at his Afghan Kebab establishment.

“Over 60 percent of our customers are Afghans living here. The rest are
Arabs, Iranians and Turks,” he said.

Afghan refugee entrepreneurs appear to be increasingly finding success in
Turkey, where they bring to the local economy, not only their savings, but
sought-after know-how, whether in restaurants, commerce or skilled crafts and
specialities.

In turn, Turkey offers refugees simplified administrative procedures for
setting up a new business.

Turkey hosts nearly four million refugees, with Syrians making up the
largest group, but Afghans number more than 145,000, according to Amnesty
International figures released last year.

Some people in Turkey view refugees as a burden, but a different picture
emerges in Burhan’s bustling Istanbul suburb, where refugees like him have
made significant investment in the Turkish economy.

– Citizenship investment –

Inside Burhan’s restaurant, a TV blares Afghan channels showing Turkish
soap operas over the hum of customers eating the popular Afghan dish Qabeli
Palaw — rice with lamb meat and mixed with caramelised carrots, raisins and
almond slivers.

“We are the only Afghan restaurant in this neighbourhood for now,” he told
AFP, sitting cross-legged on a mattress, sipping green tea.

To attract more investment at a time when the Turkish economy was
struggling last year, the government in September slashed from $1 million to
$250,000 the threshold at which Turkish citizenship is offered to foreigners
buying property.

It sparked an 82-percent increase in foreigners buying real estate in the
first quarter of this year, the Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK) said.

Afghans likely account for a small percentage of this hike — precise
figures are unavailable — but not all those fleeing the war-ravaged country
are destitute.

Mehmet Yasin Hamidi, an Afghan who runs the Royalist real-estate agency in
Beylikduzu, on Istanbul’s outskirts, told AFP that their sales of homes had
doubled this year compared to the same period last year.

“People cannot protect their lives and money in Afghanistan,” Hamidi, who
has lots of Afghans among his clients, said.

“If you have money, you or your children could get kidnapped. The
businessmen are threatened there. That is why they bring their money here.”

– Rare skills –

Construction of new housing has exploded in Beylikduzu in recent years to
meet a growing demand for real estate investment by foreigners.

The Association of Housing Developers and Investors says that foreigners
bought $4.6 billion of Turkish property in 2018 and the figure is expected to
jump to $10 billion this year.

Many refugees arriving in Turkey bring with them diverse skills and
experience that allow them to make a contribution to the country’s workforce.

Hadi Ekhlas, an engraver from Afghanistan’s Hazara ethnic group, left the
war-torn nation eight years ago. He first went to neighbouring Pakistan to
sell his skills.

He then moved to Turkey, where he now engraves Islamic and Ottoman scripts
on gemstone rings and semi-precious stones — a skill he learned from his
grandfather — in Istanbul’s Grand Bazaar, one of the world’s oldest covered
markets.

“In the past, some Turkish traders would import stones with engravings
from other countries, but now I am making them here and taking orders,”
Ekhlas told AFP.

Ekhlas has a Turkish partner, who helps him with marketing, and runs one
of the 42 Afghan shops in the Grand Bazaar.

“I plan to expand my business in the near future. I’d also like to teach
my skills to other Turks here,” he said.

In another corner of the Grand Bazaar, Khalil Nuri, an expert Afghan
jeweller, sells rings, necklaces, pendants — just about anything that can be
found in Kabul’s many curiosity shops.

“I am a jeweller and an expert in handicrafts and I wanted to continue my
profession here,” said Nuri, who fled Afghanistan and has been doing business
for the past 12 years in Istanbul.

Meanwhile, Burhan said that he hoped his business continued to do well
“because there are a lot of Afghans living here”.

“There are also people who want to give the taste of Afghan cuisine a
try.”