BFF-09 Trump’s border wall ’emergency’ faces tough legal hurdles

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US-POLITICS-BUDGET-IMMIGRATION-LAW

Trump’s border wall ’emergency’ faces tough legal hurdles

WASHINGTON, Feb 16, 2019 (BSS/AFP) – President Donald Trump’s declaration
of an emergency Friday to build a border wall immediately drew legal
challenges that could easily escalate into a landmark test of the balance of
power between the White House and Congress.

Legal experts said it was “unprecedented” for a president to use his
emergency powers to overcome Congress’s refusal to fund his wishes, in this
case a barrier on the US-Mexican border to keep out illegal immigrants.

They also questioned Trump’s categorization of the immigration issue as a
national emergency and his tapping military funds for a non-military project.

Hours after the announcement, the Trump administration faced an
investigation by the House Judiciary committee and lawsuits from New York,
California and the American Civil Liberties Union.

“President Trump is manufacturing a crisis and declaring a made-up
‘national emergency’ in order to seize power and subvert the constitution,”
said California Governor Gavin Newsome.

“California will see you in court.”

Trump said he expected a legal fight and predicted he would prevail.

“We will have a national emergency, and we will then be sued,” Trump said
Friday.

“Then we will end up in the Supreme Court, and hopefully we will get a fair
shake, and we’ll win in the Supreme Court.”

– Dangerous precedent –

Trump invoked the 1976 National Emergencies Act after Congress refused to
allocate his requested $5.7 billion for a wall in a spending bill.

The White House says the emergency order empowers it to pull around $6.6
billion from other sources, mostly already-allocated funds in the Defense
Department budget.

Democrats accused the president of an unconstitutional power grab.

“The president’s actions clearly violate the Congress’s exclusive power of
the purse,” Nancy Pelosi and Chuck Schumer, the Democratic leaders in
Congress, said in a joint statement.

It is a precedent-setting move, said American University law professor
Jennifer Daskal, adding that the National Emergencies Act had “never been
used in that way, for good reason.”

Critics warn that Trump opened the door for future presidents to call on
the act whenever they fail to get their way with Congress. A frustrated
Democratic president might some day invoke it to get funds to fight ongoing
“emergencies” of climate change and gun proliferation.

The White House dismissed this argument, underscoring how a court showdown
might proceed.

“This actually creates zero precedent. This is authority given to the
president in law already,” said acting White House chief of staff Mick
Mulvaney.

“It’s not as if he just didn’t get what he wanted, so he is waving a magic
wand and taking a bunch of money.”

– A real ’emergency’? –

Any legal battle will focus on the definition of “emergency.”

The emergencies act “does not provide any explicit limitations on what does
and does not constitute a national emergency,” Daskal told AFP.

Previous governments have declared emergencies based on the act due to
immediate threats such as the September 11, 2001 attacks and the 2009
outbreak of swine flu.

Trump said the emergency now is the flow of drugs and violent criminals
across the border.

In the abstract, he appears within his rights.

However, said Bobby Chesney, the associate dean at the University of Texas
School of Law, “litigation won’t be in abstract.”

“The pretext issue looms large here,” he said in a comment on Twitter.

He was referring to the problem of Trump resorting to declaring the border
issue an emergency after spending two years in a losing political battle for
wall funding.

Trump himself appeared to undermine his argument as he announced the
emergency on Friday.

“I didn’t need to do this, but I’d rather do it much faster,” he said.

– Land, military issues –

Daskal expects border landowners also to sue to protect their property
rights.

“A lot of the land that’s at issue is not federal land, it’s private land,”
she said.

Chesney points to a challenge over the use of military funds. Defense
Department rules say that, even if diverted, construction funds must be for a
project that “requires the use of the armed forces.”

The wall, however, has been cast from the outset as a civilian project.

“That is the main point of litigation vulnerability,” said Chesney.

BSS/AFP/GMR/0923 hrs