WASHINGTON, Jan 19, 2019 (BSS/AFP) – The space agencies of the United
States and China are coordinating efforts on Moon exploration, NASA said
Friday, as it navigates a strict legal framework aimed at protecting national
security and preventing technology transfer to China.
“With the required approval from Congress, NASA has been in discussions
with China to explore the possibility of observing a signature of the landing
plume of their lunar lander, Chang’e 4, using our @NASAMoon spacecraft’s
instrument,” NASA’s associate administrator for the science mission
directorate, Thomas Zurbuchen, wrote on Twitter.
Zurbuchen’s tweet confirmed a similar statement made Monday by the deputy
chief commander of China Lunar Exploration Program, Wu Yanhua.
NASA shared information from a US satellite while China told the Americans
about the latitude, longitude and time of the landing “in a timely manner,”
he said.
The hope was that NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) could observe
the historic touchdown of the Chinese lander on January 3.
NASA provided the planned orbit path of LRO to China, but it turned out the
spacecraft was not in the right place at the right time.
“For a number of reasons, NASA was not able to phase LRO’s orbit to be at
the optimal location during the landing, however NASA was still interested in
possibly detecting the plume well after the landing,” the agency said in a
statement.
“Science gathered about how lunar dust is ejected upwards during a
spacecraft’s landing could inform future missions and how they arrive on the
lunar surface.”
Such observations could help astronauts prepare for future missions to the
Moon.
NASA’s lunar orbiter will pass over the Chang’e 4 landing site on January
31 and will snap pictures, as it did for the Chang’e 3 in 2013.
The agency said significant findings resulting from the cooperation would
be shared with the global research community in February at a United Nations
space gathering in Austria.
– Risk of ‘technology transfer’ –
Since 2011, the US Congress has barred NASA or the White House Office of
Science and Technology Policy from using federal funds “to develop, design,
plan, promulgate, implement or execute a bilateral policy, program, order, or
contract of any kind to participate, collaborate, or coordinate bilaterally
in any way with China or any Chinese-owned company.”
Exceptions are possible, but NASA must convince Congress and the FBI that
the activity would “pose no risk of resulting in the transfer of technology,
data, or other information with national security or economic security
implications to China or a Chinese-owned company.”
The clause was inserted in a US spending bill after a wave of cyber-attacks
that was traced to sources in China.
NASA said in its Friday statement that “all NASA data associated with this
activity are publicly available,” and that NASA’s cooperation with China “is
transparent, reciprocal and mutually beneficial.”
Sino-US cooperation could extend beyond the current lunar project,
according to Wu Weiren, chief designer of China’s Lunar Exploration Program.
In an interview broadcast by state television CCTV on Sunday, he said NASA
scientists had discussed a possible collaboration at an international
conference “a few years ago,” and that US scientists had asked to extend the
lifespan of China’s Queqiao relay satellite from three to five years to
facilitate the planning of an American moon mission.
And why?
“Later, they said, feeling somewhat embarrassed, that they wanted to land
on the far side of the moon too, so if we let (our relay satellite) operate
longer they can also use it,” he said.
The satellite in question aids in communications with a lander on the far
side of the Moon.
NASA scientists had also discussed possibly placing a beacon on the Chang’e
4 probe, he added.
“If we put a beacon there, they also know where to land. I told them our
Chang’e 4 can be used as a beacon for you in future,” Wu said.
However the US restrictions “might be a much higher barrier to overcome” in
ambitious cooperation projects such as a lunar research base that “might
involve sharing of technological information,” said Henry Hertzfeld, director
of the Space Policy Institute at George Washington University.