KOROR, Palau, Nov 1, 2018 (BSS/AFP) – The tiny Pacific island nation of
Palau will ban “reef-toxic” sunscreens from 2020 in what it claims is a
world-first initiative to stop chemical pollution killing its famed corals.
Palau, which lies in the western Pacific about halfway between Australia
and Japan, is regarded as one of the world’s best diving destinations, but
the government is concerned its popularity is coming at a cost.
A spokesman for President Tommy Remengesau said there was scientific
evidence that the chemicals found in most sunscreens are toxic to corals,
even in minute doses.
He said Palau’s dive sites typically hosted about four boats an hour packed
with tourists, leading to concerns a build-up of chemicals could see the
reefs reach tipping point.
“On any given day that equates to gallons of sunscreen going into the ocean
in Palau’s famous dive spots and snorkelling places,” he told AFP.
“We’re just looking at what we can do to prevent pollution getting into the
environment.”
The government has passed a law banning “reef-toxic” sunscreen from January
1, 2020.
Anyone importing or selling banned sunscreen from that date faces a $1,000
fine, while tourists who bring it into the country will have it confiscated.
“The power to confiscate sunscreens should be enough to deter their non-
commercial use, and these provisions walk a smart balance between educating
tourists and scaring them away,” Remengesau told parliament after the bill
passed last week.
– Environmental pioneer –
The US state of Hawaii announced a ban on reef toxic sunscreens in May this
year, but it does not come into force until 2021, a year after Palau’s.
The Palau ban relates to sunscreens containing chemicals including
oxybenzone, octocrylene and parabens, which covers most major brands.
Palau has long been a pioneer in marine protection, introducing the world’s
first shark sanctuary in 2009, in a move that has been widely imitated.
It has also banned commercial fishing from its waters and last year
introduced the “Palau Pledge” requiring international visitors to sign a
promise stamped into their passport that they will respect the environment.
Craig Downs, executive director at the Haereticus Environmental Laboratory
in Hawaii, said other nations would be watching Palau’s move closely.
“It’s the first country to ban these chemicals from tourism. I think it’s
great, they’re being proactive,” he said.
“They don’t want to be like Thailand, the Philippines and Indonesia, where
they’ve had to shut down beaches. The coral reefs around those beaches have
died.”
Downs said there were numerous scientific papers pointing to a link between
sunscreen chemicals and coral reef degradation.
“What we’re saying is that where there are lots of tourists getting in the
water, sunscreen pollution can have a detrimental effect on nearby coral
reefs, as far as five kilometres (3.1 miles) away,” he said.
Downs called on sunscreen manufacturers to “step up and innovate”, saying
the chemicals used for UV protection had been largely unchanged for 50 years.
He said there were some sunscreens containing zinc oxide and titanium
dioxide that were not reef toxic but added: “The other alternative we’ve been
pushing is sunwear — cover up, wear a sunshirt.”